Cov roj hmab hluavtaws thiab cov roj hmab ntuj muaj ntau yam zoo heev, tab sis kuj muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm lawv. Piv txwv li, cov roj hmab hluavtaws yog ib qho yooj yim los ua thiab tiv taus hnav, roj, roj, thiab cua sov dua li cov roj hmab ntuj. Thiab zoo li cov roj hmab ntuj, cov roj hmab hluavtaws yog hloov tau yooj yim. Nws tuav nws yooj yooj yim txawm nyob rau hauv qis kub. Nrog txoj kev tsim khoom tsim nyog, cov roj hmab hluavtaws kuj tuaj yeem tiv taus huab cua kub thiab tshuaj lom neeg corrosion, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb roj hmab tivthaiv rau ntau yam khoom siv.
Dab tsi yog cov roj hmab hluavtaws?
Synthetic roj hmab yog ib tug catalytic monomer uas tawg hydrocarbons. Cov monomers polymerize los ua cov saw ntev. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov saw hlau xws li butadiene, styrene, isoprene, chloroprene, acrylonitrile, fluorine, ethylene, thiab propylene ua rau ntau yam hluavtaws polymers. Roj hmab tebchaw yog tsim los ntawm kev noj cov polymers thiab ntxiv sib txawv proportions ntawm fillers, tiv thaiv, plasticizers, vulcanizers, thiab lwm yam chemicals los tsim tshwj xeeb lub cev thiab tshuaj.
Silicone Roj Hmab
Silicone roj hmab kuj yog ib qho hluavtaws elastomer tsim los ntawm silicone polymers. Silicone yog tsim los ntawm polymerization ntawm silicon hauv xuab zeb lossis quartz. Thaum feem ntau cov hluavtaws polymers muaj cov roj carbon-carbon qaum, cov pob txha silicone yog tsim los ntawm silicon-oxygen. Cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj no muab silicone roj hmab nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb kub kub. Silicone roj hmab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab muaj ntau formulations. Silicone roj hmab feem ntau yog ib lossis ob lub polymers, thiab tej zaum kuj muaj lwm cov khoom siv los txhim kho nws cov khoom lossis txo nqi. Silicone roj hmab feem ntau tsis hnov mob nrog lwm yam tshuaj, ruaj khov, thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias.
Ua ntej Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov kev thov rau cov roj hmab hluavtaws rau Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, qhov pib loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab hluavtaws tau rov qab mus rau qhov kev thov loj hlob rau cov tsheb kauj vab pneumatic hauv xyoo 1890. Qhov kev xav tau no tau coj (hauv ib feem) mus rau polymerization ntawm thawj cov roj hmab hluavtaws hauv xyoo 1909 los ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb German coj los ntawm Fritz Hoffman, lub ntiaj teb thawj cov roj hmab hluavtaws ntawm cov neeg tuav patent. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub lig 1930s tsim neoprene, ib tug ntawm cov thawj kev vam meej roj hmab composites thiab thawj nyob rau hauv Buna tsev neeg ntawm rubbers.
Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II tau ua rau Tebchaws Meskas poob 90% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov khoom siv roj hmab ntuj. Lub sijhawm no, Asmeskas cov khoom lag luam roj hmab ntuj muaj kwv yees li 1 lab tons, kev noj txhua xyoo yog kwv yees li 600, 000 tons, thiab tsis muaj cov txheej txheem lag luam los tsim cov roj hmab hluavtaws dav dav. Kev txuag, rov ua dua tshiab,
thiab cov dej num khaws cia tsis tuaj yeem sau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv roj hmab. Los ntawm nruab nrab -1942, lub zog Axis tswj tau ze li ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb cov khoom siv roj hmab ntuj.
Thawj Tswj Hwm Franklin Roosevelt tau paub zoo txog qhov tsis zoo uas Tebchaws Meskas tau ntsib los ntawm nws txoj kev vam khom rau cov khoom siv roj hmab uas raug hem. Hauv kev teb, nws tau tsim lub Tuam Txhab Rubber Reserve (RRC) thaum Lub Rau Hli 1940. RRC tau teem lub hom phiaj rau khaws cov roj hmab, suav nrog kev txuag kev siv roj hmab hauv cov log tsheb los ntawm kev teeb tsa kev ceev thiab khaws cov roj hmab pov tseg rau kev rov ua dua tshiab.
Tom qab cov khoom siv roj hmab tau ploj lawm, RRC xav kom plaub lub tuam txhab roj hmab loj los tsim 400, 000 tons ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws roj hmab hauv ib xyoos. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 19, 1941, Jersey Standard, Firestone, Goodrich, Goodyear, thiab United States Rubber Company tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus patent thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib qhia.
Firestone tsim qhov kev pab cuam thawj pob ntawm hluavtaws roj hmab rau lub Plaub Hlis 26, 1942, ua raws li Goodyear nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 18, US Rubber Company rau lub Cuaj Hlis 4, thiab Goodrich rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 27. Xyoo 1942, plaub cov nroj tsuag no tsim tau 2,241 tons ntawm cov roj hmab hluavtaws. Thaum xyoo 1945, Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim tawm txog 920,{10}} tons roj hmab ib xyoos ib zaug, 85 feem pua ntawm cov roj hmab hluavtaws. Plaub lub tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws suav nrog 85% ntawm qhov kev tsim khoom no, suav txog 547,500 tons hauv ib xyoos.
Tam sim no
Raws li xyoo 2005, ntau dua 58% ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab muaj cov roj hmab hluavtaws.
Silicone roj hmab muaj ntau yam zoo heev thiab feem ntau siv rau ntau yam khoom. Silicone tsis degrade yooj yim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg, ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv nrov rau kev ua noj thiab ci cov cuab yeej siv. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, silicones tau pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv feem ntau, xws li cov khaub ncaws ncaws pob, cov thawv ntim khoom, khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab khau.
Kev siv cov roj hmab hluavtaws muaj xws li cov khoom siv tsheb, sealants thiab insulators. Silicone tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv kho mob xws li tubing, syringe Cheebtsam, dej tswj cov khoom, thiab lwm yam.
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog roj hmab (synthetic lossis natural) lossis cov khoom siv roj hmab, thov hu rau LindePolymer.