Ntuj roj hmab (NR) yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom poob siab-absorbing nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm tsheb, txuas hniav, vaj tse, thiab kev tsheb nqaj hlau thauj mus los vim nws zoo heev elasticity thiab qaug zog kuj. Txawm li cas los xij, kev thauj mus los ntev tuaj yeem ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab, thiab txawm tias tawg thiab tsis ua haujlwm.
Kab lus no yuav tsom mus rau kev poob siab-absorbing kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov roj hmab ntuj, tshuaj xyuas nws cov yam ntxwv qaug zog thiab nws cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam, thiab tshawb nrhiav cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho yav tom ntej.
Shock-absorbing zog ntawm ntuj roj hmab
Ntuj roj hmab (NR) yog siv dav hauv ntau yamshock absorbersthiab seismic cais cov cuab yeej vim nws cov elasticity siab thiab zoo heev durability, xws li roj hmab pads nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ncua kev kawm ntawv, choj seismic cais kev them nyiaj yug, thiab shock absorbers pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv rail transit.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab ntuj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov hauv qab no:
1. High elasticity thiab saj zawg zog: Nws tuaj yeem nqus tau thiab siv lub zog kinetic sab nraud thiab txo kev poob siab thiab kev co.
2. Muaj zog qaug zog: Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev load cycles, natural rubber qhia tau hais tias zoo heev durability.
3. Kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev laus: Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj tua kab mob antioxidant thiab lwm yam khoom ntxiv, kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus.
Kev qaug zog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab ntuj poob siab-absorbing
1. Txhais thiab tshwm sim ntawm qaug zog tsis ua hauj lwm
Kev qaug zog tsis ua haujlwm yog hais txog qhov tshwm sim uas cov ntaub ntawv maj mam ua kom puas tsuaj thiab nws thiaj li tawg lossis degrade nyob rau hauv kev ua tau zoo thaum lub sij hawm ntev raug rau alternating stress thiab strain. Nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso roj hmab shock-absorbing khoom, qaug zog tsis ua hauj lwm yog feem ntau manifested li:
- Tsim thiab nthuav dav ntawm microcracks
- Hardening lossis softening ntawm cov ntaub ntawv
- Cov qauv deformation ua rau txo kev poob siab absorbing nyhuv
- Cov tawv nqaij laus thiab tawg
2. Txoj kev sim lub neej qaug zog
Kev qaug zog lub neej yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov voj voog uas cov khoom siv roj hmab tuaj yeem tiv taus nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev ntxhov siab. Cov kev sim ua rau qaug zog muaj xws li:
- Tensile fatigue test: Siv cyclic tensile stress los simulate tensile fatigue state ntawm roj hmab hauv kev siv tiag.
- Compression fatigue test: Muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom xws li choj bearings uas raug compressive kev nyuaj siab los ntsuam xyuas lawv compressive qaug zog kev ua tau zoo.
- Shear fatigue test: Feem ntau yog siv rau shear deformation qaug zog kuaj ntawm seismic cais cov cuab yeej.
Cov yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm qaug zog
1. Cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab formulation
Kev tsim cov roj hmab ntuj muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau nws qhov kev ua haujlwm qaug zog. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm qhov tsim nyog vulcanization system, cov khoom ntim (xws li carbon dub thiab silica), thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv tuaj yeem txhim kho lub neej qaug zog ntawm roj hmab. Piv txwv li, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov pa roj carbon dub tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog ntawm cov roj hmab, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem ncua kev tsim thiab nthuav tawm ntawm kev qaug zog tawg.
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig yam
Qhov kub, av noo, thiab cov ntsiab lus oxygen hauv ib puag ncig yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm qaug zog ntawm cov roj hmab ntuj. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kub, cov saw molecular txav ntawm cov roj hmab yog intensified, uas yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau kev nyuaj siab so thiab kev laus; Thaum nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas tsis kub, cov roj hmab yuav nyuaj, lub toughness txo, thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau tawg brittlely.
3. zaus thiab amplitude ntawm load
High-frequency loads yuav ua rau kom muaj kev sib txhuam sab hauv ntawm cov khoom, uas ua rau kub nce thiab kev ua haujlwm degradation ntawm cov roj hmab; thaum load amplitudes ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau qaug zog puas tsuaj rau cov khoom hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.
4. Rationality ntawm tus qauv tsim
Kev tsim qauv tsim nyog tuaj yeem txo qis kev ntxhov siab thiab ncua kev pib thiab nthuav tawm ntawm kev qaug zog tawg. Piv txwv li, kev tsim cov fillets thiab qhov chaw hloov pauv tuaj yeem txo qhov qaug zog puas tsuaj hauv thaj chaw muaj kev ntxhov siab.
Kev ntsuas los txhim kho kev qaug zog ntawm cov roj hmab ntuj
1. Txhim kho cov qauv tsim
Lub neej qaug zog ntawm cov roj hmab ntuj tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev kho cov txheej txheem vulcanization, txhawb cov hom thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov fillers, thiab qhia cov additives xws li antioxidants. Piv txwv li, kev siv cov vulcanization accelerators muaj peev xwm ua kom luv luv lub sij hawm vulcanization thiab ua rau kom tus ntoo khaub lig-linking ntom ntom ntawm cov roj hmab, yog li ua kom nws qaug zog tiv thaiv.
2. Nto kho tshuab
Txheej txheej nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv lossis siv cov cuab yeej kho ntshav plasma tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib txhuam thiab oxidation tus nqi ntawm cov roj hmab nto, yog li ncua kev nthuav dav ntawm kev qaug zog tawg.
3. Qhia cov khoom siv txhawb zog
Qhia cov fibers lossis nanomaterials, xws li carbon nanotubes thiab graphene, rau hauv cov roj hmab ntuj tuaj yeem txhim kho nws cov khoom siv dag zog thiab lub neej qaug zog. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv txhawb zog pab kom tawg kev ntxhov siab thiab inhibit qhov pib thiab nthuav ntawm cov kab nrib pleb.
4. Kev tsim qauv tsim nyog
Piv txwv li, optimizing tus tsim ntawm cov roj hmab pads nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ncua kev kawm ntawv system ua kom nws ntau tus sib npaug ntawm kev ntxhov siab, yog li txo qhov qaug zog kev puas tsuaj.
Xaus
Ntuj roj hmab shock-absorbing khoom ua si lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam engineering teb vim lawv zoo elasticity thiab durability. Kev qaug zog ntawm cov roj hmab ntuj tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo los ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov qauv tsim, txhim kho cov qauv tsim, thiab qhia cov ntaub ntawv tshiab. Cov kev tshawb fawb yav tom ntej yuav tsum tsom ntau dua rau kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib puag ncig thiab kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntse kom ua tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam loj hlob.