Kev npaj ntawm Butyl Rubber los ntawm Cationic Solution Polymerization
Cov txheej txheem ntawm cationic polymerization feem ntau suav nrog kev kho kom zoo thiab kev npaj ntawm cov monomers thiab lwm yam khoom siv, kev npaj cov neeg pib, cov txheej txheem polymerization, kev sib cais ntawm cov monomers thiab cov kuab tshuaj tsis sib haum, rov ua dua tshiab, thiab tom qab ua cov khoom siv polymerization.
Cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm hnyav thiab kub.
Cov lus hauv qab no teev cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cationic polymerization.
| Cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov tsis muaj feem xyuam rau cationic polymerization | ||||
| Solvent | Melting point /degree | Boiling point /degree | txheeb ze ntom ntom | Dielectric tsis tu ncua |
| Ethylene | -181 | -103.7 | ||
| Ethane | -183.3 | -88.6 | ||
| tshuaj propane | -189.9 | -42.1 | 0.585（-45degree) | 1.61（0degree) |
| n-butane ua | -138.9 | -0.5 | 0.58 | 1.76（20degree) |
| n-Hexane | -95 | 69 | 0.66 | 1.890（20degree) |
| cyclohexane | 6.6 | 80.7 | 0.779 | 2.023（20degree) |
| tshuaj benzene | 5.5 | 80.1 | 0.879 | 2.248（20degree) |
| Toluene | -95 | 110.6 | 0.867 | 2.379（25degree) |
| Methyl chloride | -97.7 | -24.2 | 0.916 | 12.6（-20degree) |
| Ethyl chloride | -136.4 | 12.3 | 0.898 | 16.5（-72degree) |
| Dichloromethane | -95.5 | 40 | 1.327 | 9.08（20degree) |
| Chloroform | -63.5 | 61.7 | 1.483 | 4.806（20degree) |
| Tetrachloromethane | -23 | 76.5 | 1.594 | 2.238（20degree) |
| 1, 2-Dichloroethane | -35.4 | 83.5 | 1.235 | 10.65（20degree) |
| tshuaj chlorobenzene | -45.6 | 132 | 1.106 | 5.708（20degree) |
| o-Dichlorobenzene hmoov | -17 | 180.5 | 1.305 | 9.93（25degree) |
| m-Dichlorobenzene | -24.7 | 173 | 1.288 | 5.04（25degree) |
| Nitromethane | -17 | 100.8 | 1.137 | 35.9（20degree) |
| Nitroethane | -50 | 115 | 1.045 | 28.06（30degree) |
| Nitrobenzene | 5.7 | 210.8 | 1.204 | 34.82（25degree) |
| carbon dioxide | '-56.5（5am ua） | -78.5 | 1.6（20degree,50 awm） | |
| carbon disulfide | -110.8 | 46.3 | 1.263 | 2.641(20degree) |
| sulfur dioxide | -72.7 | -10 | 17.6(-20degree) | |
Lub cationic txoj kev loj hlob active saw yog heev nquag thiab yog nquag mus rau saw hloov mus rau monomers thiab cov kuab tshuaj. Thaum lub polymerization kub siab, qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov khoom yuav txo qis heev. Txhawm rau tsim cov khoom hnyav molecular polymers, nws yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Lub zog ua kom tag nrho ntawm cationic polymerization yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm -21 ~ 42kJ / mol, uas yog me me. Thaum lub zog ua kom muaj zog, cov saw hlau loj hlob nce nrog qhov kub thiab txias, uas yog qhov tshwm sim tshwj xeeb rau cationic polymerization.
Cations tuaj yeem tsuas yog polymerize ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Piv txwv li, qhov nruab nrab cov saw ntev ntawm cov polymer tau los ntawm cationic polymerization ntawm isobutylene muaj qhov hloov pauv ze ntawm -100 degree . Qhov no yog vim hais tias saum toj no -100 degree, cov saw hloov mus rau qhov hnyav, thiab qis dua -100 degree, cov saw hloov feem ntau yog rau cov monomer. Kev tsim khoom ntawm butyl roj hmab Xaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub kom nyob ib puag ncig -100 degree .
Butyl roj hmab yog random polymer tau los ntawm cationic polymerization ntawm isobutylene thiab isoprene nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cationic pib. Lub macromolecular saw ntawm butyl roj hmab muaj cov qauv linear nrog qhov pib tsis muaj ceg. Ntawm cov saw hlau macromolecular, isobutylene feem ntau txuas lub taub hau mus rau tus Tsov tus tw, isoprene feem ntau yog trans-1, 4- qauv, thiab cov qauv sib sau ua ke tsis yog ceg. Ua cov duab. Raws li ib txwm muaj, lub iav kub ntawm amorphous butyl roj hmab yog li ntawm -70 degree , thiab nws tuaj yeem crystallize hauv qab ncab. Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog huab cua nruj ntawm ob peb hom roj hmab.
| Huab cua nruj ntawm ob peb feem ntau siv roj hmab | |||||
| Roj hmab ntau yam | Cua | oxygen | Nitrogen | carbon dioxide | hydrogen |
| ntuj roj hmab | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Styrene-butadiene roj hmab | 65 | 73 | 60 | 72 | 84 |
| Neoprene | 30 | 17 | 24 | 25 | 27 |
| Butyl roj hmab | 13 | 6 | 11 | 14 | 15 |
Piv nrog rau lwm cov roj hmab uas tsis muaj roj, butyl roj hmab ozone tsis kam yog li 10 npaug siab dua li ntawm cov roj hmab ntuj, styrene-butadiene roj hmab, thiab lwm yam. Nws tiv taus tshav kub, tshav ntuj thiab oxygen zoo dua li lwm cov roj hmab uas siv dav. Nws muaj qhov kub zoo dua> 100 degree, elasticity thiab siab dua kub ua haujlwm. (Txog 150 degree). Zoo hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, zoo dua li cov roj hmab zoo tib yam.
Butyl roj hmab kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo. Vim yog qhov me me ntawm isoprene, lub vulcanization ceev yog txo, uas cuam tshuam cov co-vulcanization ntawm butyl roj hmab thiab cov roj hmab uas tsis muaj roj uas feem ntau siv hauv cov log tsheb. Butyl roj hmab muaj adhesion tsis zoo rau lwm cov roj hmab, nws tus kheej-adhesiveness thiab nws muaj kev sib nrig sib adhesion tsis zoo thiab tsis yooj yim rau lwm cov roj hmab. Tsis zoo resilience thiab siab calorific nqi. Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm vulcanized roj hmab ntawm butyl roj hmab yuav txo qis tom qab thermal aging, yog li nws yog thermally degradable polymer. Cov halides ntawm butyl roj hmab yog chlorobutyl roj hmab thiab bromobutyl roj hmab. Kev sib raug zoo, nws tus kheej adhesion thiab kev sib nrig sib adhesion ntawm nws cov halides nrog rau lwm cov polymers kuj zoo dua li cov roj hmab butyl. Ob lub halogenated Butyl roj hmab tam sim no yog ib qho khoom siv rau cov log tsheb sab hauv thiab cov tshuaj lub raj mis stoppers.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv copolymerization ntawm butyl roj hmab yog raws li nram no:
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Muaj ob txoj hauv kev polymerization rau kev tsim cov roj hmab butyl: tov polymerization thiab slurry polymerization. Peb yuav tham txog qhov no nyob rau theem tom ntej.